Dioctophymatidae commonly known as the giant kidney worm, is the largest known nematode, and can have sizes up to 100 cm in length by 1. Treatment of giant kidney worm dioctophyme renale in dogs. A case report of dioctophyma renale in the peritoneal. Almost two centuries later, in 1782, johann goeze first described d. In this study, different intensities of fibrosis were observed. Its clinical signs and diagnostic findings were unspecific until giant worms were observed in the urine and histological findings confirmed it was a d. It is circumglobally distributed, mainly in dogs, and is increasingly regarded as a threat to other domestic animals and humans. The kidney worm is bloodred in color and is one of the largest of the parasitic roundworms. Mid this article has been rated as midimportance on the projects importance scale. Dioctophyma renale definition of dioctophyma renale by. Eggs embryonated at temperatures from 14 c to 30 c. Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasites the kidneys of wild and domestic carnivores, and it has been reported frequently in brazil. The aptly named dioctophyma renale reaches maturity in the hosts kidneys.
The existence of giant kidney worm amongst carnivores in the caspian sea littoral has been previously observed during the surveys carried out in the country. The objective was to evaluate the acute phase response in dogs naturally infected with this giant kidney worm and the possible effects of nephrectomy on circulating concentrations of select acute phase proteins app such as serum amyloid. Jul 18, 2015 dioctophyma renale goeze, 1782 is a member of dioctophymatidae, due to which size, known as the giant kidney worm. C this article has been rated as cclass on the projects quality scale. Dioctophyme renale feeds through digestion and ingestion of the renal parenchyma by the action of parasites oesophageal enzymes causing progressive destruction of the cortical and medullar layers and consequently the proliferation of fibrous tissue.
The presence of the worms in the kidney results in the destruction of the functional tissue of the organ. The worm is red and cylindrical, and adult females measure 20100 cm long and 412 mm in. Dioctophyme renale wikipedias dioctophyme renale as. Roundwormdioctophyma renale causes dioctophymiasis. Also known as giant kidney worms, they are one of the largest nematodes capable of infecting humansadult females grow to be over 100 cm long they. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. The last one minute of the film is enormously gratifying after watching the previous part. Eggs hatched in the intestine of the aquatic oligochaete lumbriculus variegatus, and firststage larvae migrated to the ventral blood vessel where development took place.
Dioctophyme renale is a parasite of the nematode class with hematophagous habits monteiro et al. Dioctophyme renale almost always resides in the right kidney. From this stage on, there are three routes of transmission. Dioctophyma renale is a parasite that frequently occurs in animals but rarely in humans. Individuals with dioctophyme renale infection typically present with unspecific symptoms including hematuria blood in urine, nephritis, loin pain, renal enlargement, andor renal colic intermittent pain in the kidney area, which may result from the en. Eating raw or undercooked fish, frogs or crawfish livers can cause the disease. The general life cycle of this parasite was known, but further lifecycle information was discovered in the mid to latter part of the 20 th century. Giant kidney worm dioctophyme renale in a dog a case from 2006, nicely filmed and documented, and well worth watching for those who dont mind viewing internal anatomy and some enormous parasites.
The only known treatment of dioctophyme renale is the surgical removal of the worm from the abdominal cavity. Maned wolves chrysocyon brachyurus contract giant kidney worms dioctophyma renale as pups, and these parasites always infect the right kidney, leading to severe damage or destruction of the organ 17. The aim here was to register the number of cases of dogs and cats diagnosed with dioctophymosis by necropsy 1981 to 2014 and ultrasound examination 2010 to 2015 in pelotasrs. The worm is red and cylindrical, and adult females measure 20100 cm long and 412 mm in diameter. It has a worldwide distribution, but its incidence is unknown. Adult females are sufficiently larger than their male counterparts. Human infestation is rare, but results in kidney destruction, usually of one kidney and hence not. Human infestation is rare, but results in destruction of the kidneys. Fatal bilateral dioctophymatosis journal of parasitology. Dioctophymiasis is the result of an infection by dioctophyme renale, a rare, large parasitic roundworm commonly found infecting the kidney tissue of carnivorous animals, such as. Mar 07, 2018 dioctophymiasis is the result of an infection by dioctophyme renale, a rare, large parasitic roundworm commonly found infecting the kidney tissue of carnivorous animals, such as minks and other wild mammals, and domesticated dogs.
Dioctophyme renale is known as the giant kidney worm, and parasitizes a wide range of primarily fisheating carnivorous mammals including mustelids. As their name implies, kidney worms usually occur in the kidneys and more frequently in the right organ than in the left. Thirteen dioctophyme renale were found at autopsy in the peritoneal cavity and one in the pelvis of a ruptured kidney of a dog from north carolina. Pdf dioctophyme renale in vulpes vulpes from the caspian.
This page was last edited on 25 january 2019, at 05. Pdf dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782 in a cat with a. A male adult stray dog was taken to the department of animal pathology, faculty of veterinary. This parasite has a wide distribution and is also known as the giant kidney worm due to the gigantic dimensions of the adults. Media in category dioctophyme renale the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. This study reports a case of parasitism by the dioctophyma renale in the peritoneal cavity with both sexes of worms in a stray dog from east azerbaijan, iran. Badass pictures, gifs and videos of the awesome true brutality of nature. Development of the giant kidney worm, dioctophyma renale.
It affects fish eating mammals, particularly mink 1 and dogs 4. It develops in, and completely destroys mammalian kidneys, and is thereby a debilitating and potentially lethal parasite of humans, domestic animals and endangered wildlife. Mammals can become infected with kidney worms if they ingest an intermediate host such as a or infected raw after ingestion, the larval form of the worm enters the stomach muscle and stays for about 2 weeks at which time it moves to the liver to. Essentially the worm grows in the kidney and then due to the irritation the worm is causing, the kidney is destroyed by fibrosis. Dioctophyme renale definition of dioctophyme renale by. Dioctophymatidae, commonly known as the giant kidney worm. Dioctophyma renale goeze, 1782, is a parasitic nematode that belongs to the order of ascaridida and the family of dioctophymatidae bowman, 2014. Dioctophymosis is a cosmopolitan food borne zoonotic helminthiasis caused by the nematode dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782 enoplida. Giant kidney worm dioctophyme renale in dogs symptoms. Combine searches by placing the search numbers in the top search box and pressing the search button. Dioctophyma renale was found in the right kidney of 48% of mink mustela vison trapped in late fall and winter in the black river area of ontario. Dioctophyme renale nematoda, dioctophymatidae infection in. Dioctophyme renale wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the.
Dioctophyme renale an overview sciencedirect topics. Morphologically and genetically diagnosed dermal dioctophyme. In fresh water or humid soil, the larva 1 is developed and hatched, if this egg is swallowed by the intermediate host oligochaetes. There is little information on the parasites true incidence, or immune. It affects fish eating mammals, particularly mink and dogs. Dioctophyma renale infection is found in a wide range of mammalian species, typically in temperate areas of the world. Dioctophyme renale a food borne helminthic infection can be acquired by humans with consumption of aquatic parasitized edible items occasionally worldwide. Dioctophyme renale aka giant kidney worms are one of the largest parasitic roundworms and are found worldwide. Actually the worm is packed so tight in there that each of those circles is actually a different cross section of the worm. During a long term of road survey for detection of the zoonotic helminthes in carnivores, a male vulpes vulpes was naturally found infected by dioctophyme renale in caspian sea littoral in iran. Introduction dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782 enoplida.
Microscopic wetmount examination figure 4 of urine showed multiple eggs characteristic of that parasite. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and wellbeing around the world. Extrarenal lesion caused by dioctophyma renale eggs in an. The present report describes the clinical observations of a d. The nematode dioctophyme renale of wild carnivorous animals. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Dioctophyma renale is the giant kidney worm, the largest of parasitic nematodes. It develops in, and completely destroys mammalian kidneys, and is thereby a debilitating and potentially lethal parasite of humans, domestic animals and.
Dioctophyme renale is indeed a giant over a yard long worm that can live in the kidney of a dog, cat, fox, human, pig or any predator but most commonly it is found in the mink. There has been some confusion about the history of discovery of d. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Dioctophyme renale is within the scope of wikiproject animals, an attempt to better organize information in articles related to animals and zoology.
Dioctophyma renale goeze, 1782 infection in a domestic dog. Giant kidney worm dioctophyme renale in a dog blogger. Dioctophyme renale is a nematode parasite of dogs, usually found in the right kidney, causing severe damage to the renal parenchyma objectives. Hepatic and phrenic serositis associated to numerous eggs of the parasite. Dioctophyme renale, commonly referred to as the giant kidney worm is a parasitic roundworm whose mature form is found in the kidneys of mammals. Ova of dioctophyme renale in a canine struvite urolith. Dioctophyme renale is commonly referred to as giant kidney worm 1 because it is the largest helminth 2 to parasitize humans 3 and has the propensity to affect the kidneys.
Dioctophyma renale giant kidney worm, is an uncommon parasitic roundworm that may affect both humans and other mammals. Giant kidney worm infection in mink and dogs urinary system. The topic dioctophyme renale infection you are seeking is a synonym, or alternative name, or is closely related to the medical condition dioctophymiasis. First isolation of dioctophyme renale eggs from an urban. Dioctophyma renale goeze, 1782 infection in a domestic. Dioctophyma medical definition merriamwebster medical. Dioctophyme renale in vulpes vulpes from the caspian sea. Here, we report for the first time, the parasitism of a domestic dog by d. Sometimes the kidney has been devastated by the worm and it also needs to be removed. In 2009, the first case of domestic cat dioctophymosis in brazil was confirmed. Dioctophyme renale is commonly referred to as giant kidney worm because it is the largest helminth to parasitize humans and has the propensity to affect the kidneys. This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible.
The purpose of this study is to report the first case of parasitism by the giant kidney worm, dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782, in the crabeating fox, cerdocyon thous linnaeus, 1766, in. Dioctophyme renale is a rare and giant worm that can live in the kidney of a dog, cat, fox, human, pig or any predator but most commonly affects the mink. Hence, strict species identification of the causative agent was withheld in the previous case reports, only referring to as dioctophyme like,dioctophymatid, or dioctophyme sp. Dioctophyme species dioctophyme renale name synonyms ascaris renale goeze, 1782 dioctophyma renale goeze, 1782 homonyms dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782 common names nierenriesenpalisadenwurm in german nierenwurm in german. Carlos torres ribeiro, guilherme gomes verocai, and luiz eduardo roland tavares 2009 dioctophyme renale nematoda, dioctophymatidae infection in the crabeating fox cerdocyon thous from brazil. Sep 27, 2017 the giant kidney worm, dioctophyme renale, is a debilitating and potentially lethal parasite that inhabits and destroys, typically hosts right kidney, and may also be found in ectopic sites. The family dioctophymidae has only one genus dioctophyme, and the name of the genus was in contention with the possibility of being dioctophyma for two hundred years. Dioctophyme renale nematoda, dioctophymatidae infection in the crabeating fox cerdocyon thous from brazil ct ribeiro, gg verocai, ler tavares journal of wildlife diseases 45 1, 248250, 2009. Hystrichis are generally much larger than dioctophyme 1. Dioctophyma renale information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. Morphology of eggs of dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782. Dioctophyme renale goeze, 1782 is a nematode belonging to the order enoplida, family dioctophymatidae, also known as giant kidney worm, which may reach 14 to 100 cm length and 0.
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